L'architecture gothique ou art français

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L'architecture gothique ou art français (en latin francigenum opus) est un style architectural d'origine française qui s'est développé à partir de la seconde partie du Moyen Âge en Europe occidentale.

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.

Originating in 12th century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as "French work" (Opus Francigenum), with the term Gothic first appearing during the latter part of the Renaissance. Its characteristic features include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress.

Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings.

La cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris.

La cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris, Notre-Dame de Paris ou Notre-Dame est la cathédrale de l’archidiocèse catholique de Paris.

Elle est située sur la moitié Est de l’île de la Cité, dans le quatrième arrondissement de Paris.

Notre Dame de Paris (IPA: [nɔtʁə dam də paʁi]; French for "Our Lady of Paris"), also known as Notre Dame Cathedral or simply Notre Dame,^[2] is a historic Roman Catholic Marian cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France. Widely considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture and among the largest and most well-known churches in the world,^[3] Notre Dame is the cathedral of the Catholic Archdiocese of Paris; that is, it is the church that contains the cathedra (official chair) of the Archbishop of Paris, currently André Vingt-Trois. The cathedral treasury is notable for its reliquary, which houses the purported crown of thorns, a fragment of the True Cross and one of the Holy Nails – all instruments of the Passion and a few of the most important first-class relics.

Notre Dame de Paris is often reputed to be one of the most prominent examples of Gothic architecture in both France and in Europe as a whole, and the naturalism of its sculptures and stained glass are in contrast with earlier Romanesque architecture. The first period of construction from 1163 into 1240s coincided with the musical experiments of the Notre Dame school.

La cathédrale Notre-Dame de Reims

La cathédrale Notre-Dame de Reims est une cathédrale catholique romaine située à Reims, en Champagne-Ardenne. Sa construction ayant commencé au début du XIII^e siècle, elle est postérieure à Notre-Dame de Paris et Notre-Dame de Chartres, mais antérieure aux cathédrales Notre-Dame de Strasbourg, Notre-Dame d'Amiens et à celle de Beauvais. Consacrée à la Vierge Marie, la cathédrale a été achevée au XIV^e siècle.

Il s'agit de l'une des réalisations majeures de l'art gothique en France, tant pour son architecture que pour sa statuaire qui ne compte pas moins de 2 303 statues. Elle est inscrite, à ce titre, au patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO depuis 1991. Haut lieu du tourisme champenois, elle a accueilli 1 500 000 visiteurs en 2007.

La cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais est une cathédrale catholique romaine située à Beauvais, dans le département de l'Oise, dans la région Picardie, en France. Elle possède le plus haut chœur gothique au monde (48,50 m).

La cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais, commencée en 1225, est connue comme ayant la hauteur sous voûte la plus élevée de l'âge gothique : 48 mètres. Si Amiens est la plus vaste, Beauvais est la plus haute... Cette hauteur, voulue dès l'origine, a fragilisé tout l'édifice depuis le Moyen Âge. Au long des siècles, les financements qui auraient dû être consacrés à l'achèvement de l'édifice (nef, chœur et flèche) ont été affectés aux réparations. Après un premier éboulement en 1284, la flèche, achevée en 1566, s'écroule en 1573. La flèche disparue, on n'eut jamais les moyens de construire une nef.

The Cathedral of Saint Peter of Beauvais (French: Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais) is an incomplete Roman Catholic cathedral located in Beauvais, in northern France. It is the seat of the Bishop of Beauvais, Noyon and Senlis. It is, in some respects, the most daring achievement of Gothic architecture, and consists only of a transept (sixteenth-century) and choir, with apse and seven polygonal apsidal chapels (thirteenth century), which are reached by an ambulatory. The small Romanesque church of the tenth century, known as the Basse Œuvre, much restored, still occupies the site destined for the nave.

Duomo di Milano

Milan Cathedral is the cathedral church of Milan, Italy. Dedicated to Santa Maria Nascente (Saint Mary Nascent), it is the seat of the Archbishop of Milan, currently Cardinal Angelo Scola. The Gothic cathedral took nearly six centuries to complete. It is the fifth largest cathedral in the world and the largest in the Italian state territory.

Building the Cathedral

The construction of the cathedral was commissioned by bishop Antonio da Saluzzo in 1385. He was supported by the first duke of Milan, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, who envisioned the creation of the world's largest church. He gave access to his marble quarries, granted tax exemptions and invited architects from across Europe. Construction commenced in 1386, but it would drag on for centuries. When the cathedral was consecrated in 1418, construction of the nave had only just started. Construction would continue until 1813, and final finishes were applied as late as in 1965. Over the years numerous master builders were involved and the initial design was continuously altered to become even more spectacular. The long construction period also led to a mash-up of a variety of styles but the final result is surprisingly homogenous, with a decidedly flamboyant Gothic design.